03752nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260001600284490000700300520299800307100001403305700001903319700002003338700002703358700002003385700003603405700002803441700001603469856004903485 2022 eng d a1756-330500aLarge-scale and small-scale population genetic structure of the medically important gastropod species Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia)0 aLargescale and smallscale population genetic structure of the me cSep-19-20220 v153 a

Abstract Background Gastropod snails remain strongly understudied, despite their important role in transmitting parasitic diseases. Knowledge of their distribution and population dynamics increases our understanding of the processes driving disease transmission. We report the first study to use high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to elucidate the population genetic structure of the hermaphroditic snail Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) on a regional (17–150 km) and inter-regional (1000–5400 km) scale. This snail species acts as an intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis, which cause human and animal schistosomiasis respectively. Methods Bulinus truncatus snails were collected in Senegal, Cameroon, Egypt and France and identified through DNA barcoding. A single-end genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) library, comprising 87 snail specimens from the respective countries, was built and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Reads were mapped against S. bovis and S. haematobium reference genomes to identify schistosome infections, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were scored using the Stacks pipeline. These SNPs were used to estimate genetic diversity, assess population structure and construct phylogenetic trees of B. truncatus. Results A total of 10,750 SNPs were scored and used in downstream analyses. The phylogenetic analysis identified five clades, each consisting of snails from a single country but with two distinct clades within Senegal. Genetic diversity was low in all populations, reflecting high selfing rates, but varied between locations due to habitat variability. Significant genetic differentiation and isolation by distance patterns were observed at both spatial scales, indicating that gene flow is not strong enough to counteract the effects of population bottlenecks, high selfing rates and genetic drift. Remarkably, the population genetic differentiation on a regional scale (i.e. within Senegal) was as large as that between populations on an inter-regional scale. The blind GBS technique was able to pick up parasite DNA in snail tissue, demonstrating the potential of HTS techniques to further elucidate the role of snail species in parasite transmission. Conclusions HTS techniques offer a valuable toolbox to further investigate the population genetic patterns of intermediate schistosome host snails and the role of snail species in parasite transmission. Graphical Abstract

1 aMaes, Tim1 aDe Corte, Zoë1 aVangestel, Carl1 aVirgilio, Massimiliano1 aSmitz, Nathalie1 aDjuikwo-Teukeng, Félicité, F.1 aPapadaki, Maria, Ioanna1 aHuyse, Tine uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05445-x02266nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250300001300266490000700279520163900286100001901925700002001944700002001964700001601984700002102000856005102021 2022 eng d a1932-620300aDNA barcoding echinoderms from the East Coast of South Africa. The challenge to maintain DNA data connected with taxonomy0 aDNA barcoding echinoderms from the East Coast of South Africa Th cOct-10-2022 ae02703210 v173 a

Echinoderms are marine water invertebrates that are represented by more than 7000 extant species, grouped in five classes and showing diverse morphologies (starfish, sea lilies, feather stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle and basket stars). In an effort to further study their diversity, DNA barcodes (DNA fragments of the 5’ end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, COI) have been used to complement morphological examination in identifying evolutionary lineages. Although divergent clusters of COI sequences were reported to generally match morphological species delineations, they also revealed some discrepancies, suggesting overlooked species, ecophenotypic variation or multiple COI lineages within one species. Here, we sequenced COI fragments of 312 shallow-water echinoderms of the East Coast of South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal Province) and compared morphological identifications with species delimitations obtained with four methods that are exclusively based on COI sequences. We identified a total of 103 morphospecies including 18 that did not exactly match described species. We also report 46 COI sequences that showed large divergences (>5% p-distances) with those available to date and publish the first COI sequences for 30 species. Our analyses also identified discordances between morphological identifications and COI-based species delimitations for a considerable proportion of the morphospecies studied here (49/103). For most of them, further investigation is necessary to keep a sound connection between taxonomy and the growing importance of DNA-based research.

1 aSonet, Gontran1 aSmitz, Nathalie1 aVangestel, Carl1 aSamyn, Yves1 aChiang, Tzen-Yuh uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027032100662nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260001600275300001700291490000800308100002000316700001900336700002000355700002300375856009400398 2019 eng d a0024-408200aPhylogenetic analysis of the Baikalodrilus species flock (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae), an endemic genus to Lake Baikal (Russia)Abstract0 aPhylogenetic analysis of the iBaikalodrilusi species flock Annel cMay-09-2019 a987 – 10150 v1871 aMartin, Patrick1 aSonet, Gontran1 aSmitz, Nathalie1 aBackeljau, Thierry uhttps://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz066/556017600855nas a2200253 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260001600241300001300257490000700270100002000277700002100297700003000318700002900348700001900377700002500396700002300421700001900444700002200463700002000485700002300505700002100528856005200549 2018 eng d00aA genome-wide data assessment of the African lion (Panthera leo) population genetic structure and diversity in Tanzania0 agenomewide data assessment of the African lion iPanthera leoi po cJul-11-2018 ae02053950 v131 aSmitz, Nathalie1 aJouvenet, Olivia1 aLigate, Fredrick, Ambwene1 aCrosmary, William-George1 aIkanda, Dennis1 aChardonnet, Philippe1 aFusari, Alessandro1 aMeganck, Kenny1 aGillet, François1 aMelletti, Mario1 aMichaux, Johan, R.1 aChiang, Tzen-Yuh uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205395